Off-the-Record Messaging
Typical cryptographic software provides assurances that a message was sent by a specific sender; this is generally what one wants. But what if one prefers plausible deniability? Off-the-record messaging provides encryption and authentication for the duration of a conversation, but after the conversation is completed anyone can forge messages within that conversation, thus one can deny that one ever said anything.
This could be useful for whistleblowers, those living in oppressive regimes and so forth.